Common Waxbills

The Common Waxbills (Estrilda astrild), also known as the St Helena Waxbills, are native to sub-Saharan Africa but they have also been introduced to many other regions of the world .

It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 10,000,000 km². This is a popular aviary bird that is relatively easy to maintain in captivity.

Description

The Common Waxbill is a small bird, averaging 11 to 13 cm in length with a wingspan of 12 to 14 cm. It weighs around 7 to 10 grams. The body is slender and the adult has a bright red bill. The wings are short-rounded. The tail long graduated.

The plumage is mostly grey-brown, finely barred with dark brown. It has a red stripe through the eyes and a reddish stripe along the center of its he belly. The cheeks and throat are whitish and there is often a pinkish flush to the underparts. The rump is brown and the tail and vent are dark.

Females look like males, but they are generally paler with less red on the abdomen,.

Young birds are also duller with little or no red on the abdomen. They have a black bill and fainter dark barring.

Similar Species ID:

• The Black-rumped, Crimson-rumped – rump is black rather than brown. Has a pale vent (area underneath the tail).
• The Crimson-rumped Waxbill – dark bill, red rump and some red on the wings and tail.

• The Black-lored Waxbill – which is only found in the Democratic Republic of Congo – has black rather than red eye stripes.

Calls / Vocalizations

The Common Waxbill makes various twittering and buzzing calls. It also has a distinctive high-pitched flight-call. Its song is harsh and nasal, and descends on the last note.

Distribution and habitat

Native range

17 subspecies are found across Africa south of the Sahara. They can be found in many parts of East, Central and Southern Africa. Although they are typically found in regions of desert or dense forest.

Common Waxbills are often found near water in marshes and among reeds.People found them to be pretty confiding and they are often seen visiting gardens, parks and farmland. According to IUCN Red List, this species is well documented.

Introduced range

Escaped pets and aviary birds have established themselves on many islands around Africa, such as Saint Helena, Ascension Island, the Cape Verde Islands, São Tomé and Príncipe, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues, the Seychelles and Ile Amsterdam. According to iNaturalist, this species is well documented.

They could possibly be native on some of these islands

Feral populations in Europe are found in Portugal and are spreading through Spain. Small populations exist on Madeira and Gran Canaria. It has recently appeared on Tenerife and the Azores. In Spain, they have been introduced in Madrid , Barcelona, Valencia and in Spanish-Portuguese boarders.

In America, populations can be found in Trinidad, Brazil and on Bermuda.In the Pacific there are populations on New Caledonia, Efate Island in Vanuatu, Tahiti and the Hawaiian Islands.

Breeding / Reproduction

The nest is typically built in a – low down amongst dense vegetation. A second nest may be built on top – it is usually referred to as “cock’s nest” as the male sleeps in it.The nest looks like a large ball of criss-crossed grass stems. It has a long downward-pointing entrance tube on one side.

The average clutch consists of four to seven white eggs. The eggs are incubated for 11 to 13 days. Both the male and the female share the incubation duties, as well as the raising of the chicks.The young fledge when they are 17 to 21 days old.Their nests may be parasitized by the Pin-tailed Whydah which lays its eggs in the their nests to have their eggs incubated and their chicks raised by them.In captivity they will breed readily in an aviary and they can raise four broods in a year.

Feeding

The main diet consists of various grass seeds. They also feed on insects, particularly during the breeding season when they have a higher requirement for protein in their diet.

The Common Waxbills usually forage in feeding flocks that may contain hundreds or even thousands of buirds.They are often seen feeding by clinging to the stems with their long, spindly claws and picking from the flower head.They will also search for seeds on the ground.They frequently drink as their preferred food items (seeds) contain very little moisture.

Conservation Status

The International Union for Conservation of Nature has classified the Common Waxbill as “Least Concern”. The species does not face a significant threat of extinction and its population remains stable throughout its range. Common Waxbills are resilient and adaptable, and thrive in many habitats including gardens and agricultural fields.

The Common Waxbill, along with many other bird species, faces challenges related to habitat loss. This is primarily due to urbanization, agricultural practices, and deforestation. In some places, habitat destruction and human settlement expansion can threaten local populations. Pesticides used in agricultural areas can also affect the birds, reducing the food supply and affecting local populations.

The Common Waxbill is less susceptible to extinction than other species due to its wide distribution and ability to adapt to different environments. Conservation efforts to protect wetlands, grasslands and natural vegetation will help ensure that this vibrant bird can continue to thrive.

Conclusion

Birdwatchers from all over the world have fallen in love with the Common Waxbill. It is an attractive and colorful bird. The small size, bright plumage and friendly nature of the Common Waxbill make it an attractive bird in Africa. The Common Waxbill plays an important role in the ecosystem, whether it is foraging in groups, eating seeds or performing playful courtship displays. The species is not at present in danger of extinction but efforts to protect its natural habitats will help maintain healthy populations. The Common Waxbill is a shining example for the beauty and variety of avian life, inspiring those who see it in the wild.